Để trở thành Backend Developer với NestJS, bạn cần học theo lộ trình này:
1. NestJS Fundamentals (Nền tảng - BẮT BUỘC)
Core Concepts:
- ✅ Modules - Tổ chức code theo module
- ✅ Controllers - Handle HTTP requests
- ✅ Providers/Services - Business logic
- ✅ Dependency Injection - IoC container
- ✅ Middleware - Request processing
- ✅ Pipes - Data validation & transformation
- ✅ Guards - Authentication & Authorization
- ✅ Interceptors - Transform response
- ✅ Exception Filters - Error handling
2. Database & ORM (QUAN TRỌNG)
- ✅ TypeORM hoặc Prisma - Database ORM
- ✅ PostgreSQL/MySQL - Relational DB
- ✅ MongoDB - NoSQL (optional)
- ✅ Migrations - Database versioning
- ✅ Relations - One-to-Many, Many-to-Many
- ✅ Transactions - Data consistency
3. Authentication & Security (BẮT BUỘC)
- ✅ JWT - JSON Web Tokens
- ✅ Passport.js - Authentication strategies
- ✅ Bcrypt - Password hashing
- ✅ Guards - Route protection
- ✅ CORS - Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
- ✅ Rate Limiting - Prevent DDoS
- ✅ Helmet - Security headers
4. API Development (CORE)
REST API:
- ✅ CRUD operations
- ✅ Query parameters & pagination
- ✅ File upload/download
- ✅ Request validation (class-validator)
- ✅ Response transformation
- ✅ API versioning
GraphQL (Optional):
- ✅ Schema-first vs Code-first
- ✅ Resolvers & Queries
- ✅ Mutations & Subscriptions
- ✅ Apollo Server
5. Testing (QUAN TRỌNG)
- ✅ Unit Tests - Jest
- ✅ Integration Tests - E2E testing
- ✅ Mocking - Dependencies
- ✅ Test Coverage - > 80%
6. Advanced Topics (Nâng cao)
- ✅ Caching - Redis
- ✅ Queue/Jobs - Bull, BullMQ
- ✅ WebSockets - Real-time communication
- ✅ Microservices - Distributed systems
- ✅ Docker - Containerization
- ✅ CI/CD - Deployment automation
- ✅ Logging - Winston, Morgan
- ✅ Monitoring - Health checks, Metrics
7. Best Practices (PHẢI BIẾT)
- ✅ Clean Architecture - Separation of concerns
- ✅ SOLID Principles
- ✅ Design Patterns - Repository, Factory, etc.
- ✅ Error Handling - Custom exceptions
- ✅ Configuration - Environment variables
- ✅ Documentation - Swagger/OpenAPI
- ✅ Code Quality - ESLint, Prettier
Lộ trình học đề xuất:
Phase 1: Foundation (2-3 tuần)
- NestJS basics → Controllers, Services, Modules
- TypeScript nâng cao
- Database với TypeORM/Prisma
Phase 2: Core Skills (3-4 tuần)
- Authentication & JWT
- CRUD API với validation
- File upload
- Error handling
Phase 3: Production Ready (2-3 tuần)
- Testing (Unit + E2E)
- Caching với Redis
- Docker & Deployment
- Logging & Monitoring
Phase 4: Advanced (ongoing)
- Microservices
- GraphQL
- Queue/Background jobs
- WebSockets